A wide range of both maxillary and mandibular block techniques will be emphasized. The Gow-Gates and Akinosi mandibular division nerve block techniques; techniques for recognizing and anesthetizing accessory nerve pathways; and a review of pertinent anatomical landmarks and structures will be discussed. Use of alternative anesthesia modalities, such as intraosseous techniques (Stabident, Intraflow, X-tip and Hypo needles) and computerized delivery systems (the Wand Plus and Comfort Control Syringe), to obtain either primary or secondary anesthesia are reviewed. The controversy surrounding use of articaine (Septocaine) and prilocaine (Citanest) for mandibular block anesthesia injections will be addressed. Management of possible complications and injuries, such as hematoma, paresthesia, and trismus, will also be discussed.
